THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION

AN COIMISIΪN UM ATHCHΣIRIΪ AN DLΝ


SEVENTEENTH REPORT (1995)


IRELAND

The Law Reform Commission

Ardilaun Centre, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=0


© Copyright The Law Reform Commission 1996

First Published May 1996

ISSN 0332-0499



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=0




THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=0


CONTENTS

 PAGES

Letter to the Attorney General

 (iii)

Commissioners

 1

Staff

 1

Functions of the Commission

 2

First Programme for Law Reform

 2

Reports on Topics in the Commission's First Programme for Law Reform

 2

Requests by the Attorney General

 3

Reports on Topics in the Attorney General's Request

 4

Reports in 1995

 5

Consultation Papers in 1995

 5

The Year's Work

 5

Criminal Law

 5

(i) Intoxication

 5

(ii) Sentencing

 6

(iii) Homicide

 6

Criminal Procedure

 6

Bail

 6

Private International Law

 6

Legalisation of Foreign Documents

 6

Land Law and Conveyancing Law

 7

Family Courts

 7

Compensation for Personal Injuries

 8

Structured Settlements

 8

Privacy

 8

Surveillance and the Interception of Communications

 8

The Interpretation and Drafting of Legislation

 8

Licensing

 8

Unidroit Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects

 8

Action taken on Reports of the Commission during 1995

 9

Occupiers' Liability Act, 1995

 9

Family Law Act, 1995

 9

Criminal Law (Incest Proceedings) (no.2) Act, 1995

 9

Powers of Attorney Bill, 1995

 9

Defamation Bill, 1995

 10

Domestic Violence Bill, 1995

 10


THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=v


CONTENTS

 PAGES

Miscellaneous

 10

Conference for Adoption of UNIDROIT Draft Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects

 10

Hague Conference on Private International Law

 11

Appendix

 12


THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=vi


SEVENTEENTH REPORT OF THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION

1.

This Report covers the period from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 1995 and is addressed to the Attorney General pursuant to section 6 of the Law Reform Commission Act, 1975.

2. Commissioners

The following were the Commissioners in office in 1995:

The Hon. Mr. Anthony J. Hederman, former Judge of the Supreme Court, President;

John F. Buckley, Esq., B.A., LL.B., Solicitor;

William R. Duncan, Esq., M.A., F.T.C.D., Barrister-at-Law, Professor of Law and Jurisprudence, University of Dublin;

Ms. Maureen Gaffney, B.A., M.A. (University of Chicago), Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Dublin; and

Simon P. O'Leary, Esq., B.A., Barrister-at-Law.

3. Staff

The staff of the Commission consists of the Secretary, a Research Counsellor, three Research Assistants, two Clerical Officers and a Clerical Assistant Typist.

John Quirke is Secretary to the Commission.

Alpha Connelly, B.A., LL.M., D.C.L., was Research Counsellor to the

THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=1


Commission. In November Dr. Connelly was offered, and accepted, the position of Legal Advisor in the Department of Foreign Affairs, to take effect from 1 February 1996.

At the start of the year, Ms. Nuala Egan, B.C.L., LL.M. (Lond.), Barrister-at-Law, Ms. Sarah Farrell, LL.B., LL.M. (Lond.) and Mr. Niall Fitzgibbon, B.C.L., LL.M. (Cantab.) were Research Assistants. In September, Mr. Fitzgibbon was succeeded by Ms. Lia O'Hegarty, B.C.L., LL.M. (Mich.), LL.M. (Harv.).

The clerical staff for 1995 were Ms. Martina Burke, Ms. Mary Teresa Faherty and Ms. Martina McGuire.

4. Functions of the Commission

The functions of the Commission are to keep the law under review, to undertake examinations and conduct research with a view to reforming the law, and to formulate proposals for law reform.

5. First Programme for Law Reform

After its establishment, the Commission prepared a programme for the examination of different branches of the law, which was subsequently approved by the Government. Copies of it were laid before both Houses of the Oireachtas on 4 January 1977.

In addition to reporting on matters in the programme, it is also the function of the Commission, at the request of the Attorney General, to undertake an examination of and conduct research in relation to any particular branch or matter of law whether or not it is included in the programme, and if so requested, to formulate and submit to the Attorney General proposals for its reform.

By 31 December 1995, the Commission had formulated and submitted to the Taoiseach or the Attorney General 50 Reports containing proposals for reform of the law, as well as 11 Working Papers, 9 Consultation Papers, 16 Annual Reports and An Examination of the Law of Bail.

6. Reports on Topics in the Commission's First Programme for Law Reform

Between 1987 and 1994, the Commission published the following Reports on topics contained in the Commission's First Programme:

Service of Documents Abroad re Civil Proceedings – The Hague Convention;

The Rule Against Hearsay in Civil Cases;



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=2




Recognition of Foreign Adoption Decrees;

Oaths and Affirmations;

The Hague Convention on Succession to the Estates of Deceased Persons; and

United Nations (Vienna) Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.

7. Requests by the Attorney General

On 6 March 1987, the then Attorney General requested the Commission to examine and research certain areas of law and submit to him proposals for reform in relation to the following matters:


(1)

Conveyancing law and practice in areas where this could lead to savings for house purchasers;


(2)

Sexual offences generally, including, in particular, the law relating to rape and the sexual abuse of children;


(3)

The law relating to sheriffs, the collection of taxes and debt collection;


(4)

The law relating to compensation in personal injuries cases, including, in particular:


(a)

provision for periodic payments and the making of provisional awards; and


(b)

the Statute of Limitations in cases of latent personal injury; and


(5)

The following aspects of criminal law:


(a)

sentencing policy;


(b)

indexation of fines;


(c)

confiscating the proceeds of crime; and


(d)

whether there is a need to revise or up-date the law relating to the various offences which are still mainly governed by pre-1922 legislation, including, in particular, the laws relating to dishonesty, malicious damage and offences against the person.

In January 1989, the then Attorney General requested the Commission to undertake an examination of and conduct research into the law of defamation and contempt of court, and to formulate and submit to him proposals for reform

THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=3


in relation to these areas.

In March 1992, the then Attorney General made a similar request in respect of the law relating to occupiers' liability.

In February 1994, the then Attorney General requested the Commission to examine and research the law relating to bail. Although the Commission was asked for its “views” on the law, it was not asked to formulate proposals for reform.

8. Reports on Topics in the Attorney General's Requests

Between 1987 and 1994, the Commission published the following Reports on topics contained in the Attorney General's Requests:

The Statute of Limitations in Cases of Latent Personal Injuries;

Receiving Stolen Property;

Rape and Allied Offences;

Malicious Damage;

Debt Collection: (1) The Law Relating to Sheriffs;

Debt Collection: (2) Retention of Title;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (1) General Proposals;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (2) Enduring Powers of Attorney;

Child Sexual Abuse;

Sexual Offences Against the Mentally Handicapped;

Confiscation of the Proceeds of Crime;

The Indexation of Fines;

The Civil Law of Defamation;

The Crime of Libel;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (3) Passing of Risk from Vendor to Purchaser;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (4) The Service of Completion Notices;



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=4




The Law Relating to Dishonesty;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (5) Further General Proposals;

Non-Fatal Offences against the Person;

Occupiers' Liability; and

Contempt of Court.

9. Reports in 1995

In 1995 the Commission published the following Reports on topics contained in the Commission's First Programme:

Report on the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents; and

Report on Intoxication.

In the same year, the Commission published the following Reports on topics referred to it by the Attorney General:

Report on Interests of Vendor and Purchaser in Land during the period between Contract and Completion; and

An Examination of the Law of Bail.

10. Consultation Papers in 1995

In 1995 the Commission published the following Consultation Paper on a topic contained in the Commission's First Programme:

Consultation Paper on Intoxication as a Defence to a Criminal Offence.

A full list of the Commission's publications is to be found in the Appendix.

The Year's Work

11. Criminal Law

(i) Intoxication

One aspect of the Criminal Law which the Commission proposed to examine in its First Programme for Law Reform was the law relating to criminal responsibility including, inter alia, intoxication. In February 1995 the Commission published a Consultation Paper which examined the relevant law in Ireland and in other jurisdictions, discussed the various options and contained a provisional

THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=5


proposal for reform. Submissions were invited on the topic. On 7 July 1995 a group of experts, including a number of judges, were invited to a meeting in the Commission's offices. Then in November 1995 the final Report on Intoxication as a Defence to a Criminal Offence was published.

The essential recommendations were that:


(i)

express provision be made that self-induced intoxication should never afford a defence to a charge; and


(ii)

involuntary intoxication (as defined in the Report) should afford a defence.

(ii) Sentencing

The Commission continued its study of sentencing policy, with particular regard to proposals for achieving consistency in sentencing, and with a view to publishing a final report in 1996.

(iii) Homicide

The Commission continued its study of the law of homicide.

12. Criminal Procedure

Bail

In September 1995 the Commission published a report entitled An Examination of the Law of Bail. This report examined empirical evidence concerning bail offending as well as a number of prediction studies; surveyed the bail laws in Commonwealth and some Continental European jurisdictions; summarised the Irish law on bail and set out an alternative approach; and discussed methods of addressing bail offending other than pre-trial preventive detention.

13. Private International Law

Legalisation of Foreign Documents

In February 1995 the Commission published a report recommending that Ireland should become a party to the Hague Convention on the Abolition of the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, 1961. The Report also contained proposals for the implementation of the Convention in Irish law. It recommended, inter alia, that the Department of Foreign Affairs be designated the sole competent authority for Ireland for the purposes of the Convention and that foreign public documents emanating from Convention states should be proved by way of the apostille system.



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=6


14. Land Law and Conveyancing Law

In April 1995 the Commission published its Report on Interests of Vendor and Purchaser in Land during the period between Contract and Completion. It recommended therein that when a binding contract for the sale of land has been entered into, the law should treat the beneficial ownership as having passed to the purchaser from the time the contract was made, subject to the condition subsequent that he or she completes the sale. This recommendation was made to tie in expressly with the recommendations in the earlier Report on Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (3) The Passing of Risk from Vendor to Purchaser (LRC 39–1991).

In 1995 the Working Group on Land Law and Conveyancing met on 15 occasions.

Among the topics considered by the Working Group throughout the year were


–

the doctrine of parliamentary conveyance, in particular in relation to leasehold property;


–

section 53(3) of the Succession Act, 1965;


–

assents, in general and in connection with consents under the Family Home Protection Act, 1976;


–

company seals;


–

concurrent leases; and


–

matters arising pursuant to the Landlord and Tenant (Ground Rent) Acts, 1978, namely the acquisition of the fee simple in flats, the acquisition of the fee simple in flying freeholds.


The enforceability of positive freehold covenants.

15. Family Courts

In its First Programme, the Commission undertook to review a number of aspects of family law. This review also embraced “the question of the best type of judicial or court structure or structures appropriate to deal with the different matters which fall under the general heading of family law”. The Commission felt that the issues involved went beyond the courtroom itself and encompassed, for example, ancillary services and procedures for diverting from the courts cases which may be more appropriately handled through alternative channels such as mediation. Such a review was considered to be of particular significance given the introduction of legislation providing for new or improved family law remedies which has imposed on the court system considerable additional burdens.

Following the publication in 1994 of the Consultation Paper on Family Courts, and the Seminar at the Commission Offices in 1994, substantial progress was made throughout 1995 on the preparation of a report, dealing with the procedures and processes of family law. The Commission expects to publish this report early in 1996.



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=7


16. Compensation for Personal Injuries

Structured Settlements

Topics which arise in considering the Attorney General's request of 1987 include provision for periodic payment of damages and the making of provisional awards in the context of personal injuries litigation. Having considered the observations of various experts in legal, insurance and administrative aspects of the subject, the Commission proceeded in 1995 to formulate a final report on the matter which is due to be published in 1996.

17. Privacy

Surveillance and the Interception of Communications

The Commission continued its work on the topic of privacy and concentrated particularly on the growing threat to the individual's personal privacy due to the proliferation of highly sophisticated methods of surveillance, visual and aural. The lack of any coherent corpus of law in this context is disturbing given the very new threats arising in a modern, technologically advanced and information-based society.

The Commission expects to publish its Consultation Paper on Surveillance and the Interception of Communications in 1996.

18. The Interpretation and Drafting of Legislation

Having prepared a preliminary draft of a Discussion Paper on the use of plain language in general, the Commission decided to concentrate on the method and style of drafting legislation and to broaden its study to include the interpretation of legislation by the Courts. A Consultation Paper is being prepared.

19. Licensing

The Commission continued to examine the question of the advisability of setting up a uniform procedural system to govern the diverse range of licences required by law for various activities. Such a system would embrace the making and processing of such licences, the decisions to grant or refuse them and the hearing of appeals.

20. Unidroit Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects

Following the completion of the drafting of this Convention in June 1995, the Commission commenced consideration of the question of whether Ireland should ratify the Convention. It is anticipated that a consultation paper will be completed by mid 1996.



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=8


Action taken on Reports of the Commission during 1995

21. Occupiers' Liability Act, 1995

The Occupiers' Liability Act, 1995 largely followed the recommendations made by the Commission in its Report on Occupiers' Liability (LRC 46-1994). The Act differs in the duty it designates for occupiers vis-a-vis trespassers: the occupier shall not intentionally injure, or act with reckless disregard for, the person or property of trespassers (section 4), whereas the Commission had proposed the higher standard of intentional injury or “gross negligence“ (Recommendation 9). In most respects the Act substantially implements the recommendations of the Commission.

22. Family Law Act, 1995

The wide-ranging Family Law Act, 1995 proposed a number of reforms in the context of court orders ancillary to decrees of nullity of marriage and legal separation granted both in the State and abroad. The Bill clarified other matters relating to marriage and strengthened the general law on maintenance. Consequently, the Bill drew on a number of Reports of the Commission: Report on the Age of Majority, the Age of Marriage and Some Connected Subjects (LRC 5-1983); Report on Jurisdiction in Proceedings for Nullity of Marriage, Recognition of Foreign Nullity Decrees and the Hague Convention on the Celebration and Recognition of the Validity of Marriages (LRC 20-1985); Report on Jactitation of Marriage and Related Matters (LRC 6-1983).

In recommending the imposition of a time-limit after which conveyances could not be declared void under the Family Home Protection Act, 1976 the Bill implemented a recommendation in the Commission's Report on Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (1) General Proposals (LRC 30-1989).

23. Criminal Law (Incest Proceedings) (no.2) Act, 1995

The ,Criminal Law (Incest Proceedings) (no.2) Act, 1995 refined the in camera rule applicable to incest proceedings broadly along lines proposed by the Commission, in its Report on Rape, for rape trials. In that Report the Commission also recommended that the anonymity provisions applicable to rape victims should extend to the victims of other sexual offences; the Act went so far as to provide absolute anonymity to victims of incest.

24. Powers of Attorney Bill, 1995

Part II of the Powers of Attorney Bill, 1995 introduces a scheme for Enduring Powers of Attorney (EPA), as recommended by the Commission in its Report on Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (2) Enduring Powers of Attorney. As recommended in that Report, the Bill provides for a non-mandatory standard-form EPA, and for a system of registration.



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=9


25. Defamation Bill, 1995

The Defamation Bill, 1995, a private members' bill, is based largely on the Commission's recommendations in two reports: Report on the Civil Law of Defamation (LRC 38-1991) and Report on the Crime of Libel (LRC 41-1991). In accordance with the former report, the Bill:


–

abolishes the distinction between libel and slander;


–

requires plaintiffs in defamation actions to prove that allegedly defamatory material is false;


–

introduces a speedy new remedy – the declaratory judgment – in which damages are not awarded;


–

provides that publishers of defamatory material are not liable to pay damages (other than for financial loss) where they exercise reasonable care;


–

establishes statutory defences of absolute and qualified privilege, comment based on fact, and truth;


–

sets out guidelines for the court in making an award of general damages; etc.

The Bill declines to follow the Commission's proposal that defamation of the dead be actionable.

In accordance with the latter report, the Bill replaces the offence of criminal libel with the new offence of criminal defamation.

The Bill was given a second reading in November 1995.

26. Domestic Violence Bill, 1995

The Domestic Violence Bill, 1995, in accordance with recommendations contained in the Commission's Report on Child Sexual Abuse, enables Health Boards to apply for a barring or protection order on behalf of a child.

Miscellaneous

27. Conference for Adoption of UNIDROIT Draft Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects

UNIDROIT (the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law) held a Diplomatic Conference in Rome in June, 1995 for the Adoption of the Draft Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects. The delegates from the Commission were:

Week 1:Commissioner Gaffney Ms. Nuala Egan(7–11 June) and (7–13 June)
Week 2:Commissioner Buckley (13–24 June)


THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=10


28. Hague Conference on Private International Law

The President of the Commission attended the meeting of the Special Commission on General Affairs and Policy of the Hague Conference on Private International Law from 20–23 June, 1995.

The President also attended the meeting of the Special Commission on the operation of the Hague Conventions relating to maintenance obligations and of the New York Convention on the Recovery Abroad of Maintenance.

Professor Duncan attended the Special Commission on the revision of the 1961 Convention on the Protection of Minors from 6 to 17 February 1995 and from 11 to 22 September 1995. Professor Duncan is Vice Chairman of the Special Commission and Chairman of the Drafting Committee. A Preliminary Draft Convention on the Protection of Children has been prepared and will be submitted to the Diplomatic Conference in October 1996.



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=11


APPENDIX

LIST OF LAW REFORM COMMISSION'S PUBLICATIONS

First Programme for Examination of Certain Branches of the Law with a View to their Reform (Dec 1976) (Prl. 5984) [out of print][photocopy available] [ 10p Net]

Working Paper No. 1–1977, The Law Relating to the Liability of Builders, Vendors and Lessors for the Quality and Fitness of Premises (June 1977) [£ 1.50 Net]

Working Paper No. 2–1977, The Law Relating to the Age of Majority, the Age for Marriage and Some Connected Subjects (Nov 1977) [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 3–1977, Civil Liability for Animals (Nov 1977) [£ 2.50 Net]

First (Annual) Report (1977) (Prl. 6961) [ 40p Net]

Working Paper No. 4–1978, The Law Relating to Breach of Promise of Marriage (Nov 1978) [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 5–1978, The Law Relating to Criminal Conversation and the Enticement and Harbouring of a Spouse (Dec 1978) [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 6–1979, The Law Relating to Seduction and the Enticement and Harbouring of a Child (Feb 1979) [£ 1.50 Net]

Working Paper No. 7–1979, The Law Relating to Loss of Consortium and Loss of Services of a Child (March 1979) [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 8–1979, Judicial Review of Administrative Action: the Problem of Remedies (Dec 1979) [£ 1.50 Net]

Second (Annual) Report (1978/79) (Prl. 8855) [ 75p Net]

Working Paper No. 9–1980, The Rule Against Hearsay (April 1980) [£ 2.00 Net]

Third (Annual) Report (1980) (Prl. 9733) [ 75p Net]

First Report on Family Law – Criminal Conversation, Enticement and Harbouring of a Spouse or Child, Loss of Consortium, Personal Injury to a Child, Seduction of a Child, Matrimonial Property and Breach of Promise of Marriage (LRC 1–1981) (March 1981) [£ 2.00 Net]



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=12


Working Paper No. 10–1981, Domicile and Habitual Residence as Connecting Factors in the Conflict of Laws (Sep 1981) [£1.75 Net]

Fourth (Annual) Report (1981) (Pl. 742) [ 75p Net]

Report on Civil Liability for Animals (LRC 2–1982) (May 1982) [£1.00 Net]

Report on Defective Premises (LRC 3–1982) (May 1982) [£1.00 Net]

Report on Illegitimacy (LRC 4–1982) (Sep 1982) [£3.50 Net]

Fifth (Annual) Report (1982) (Pl. 1795) [ 75p Net]

Report on the Age of Majority, the Age for Marriage and Some Connected Subjects (LRC 5–1983) (April 1983) [£1.50 Net]

Report on Restitution of Conjugal Rights, Jactitation of Marriage and Related Matters (LRC 6–1983) (Nov 1983) [£1.00 Net]

Report on Domicile and Habitual Residence as Connecting Factors in the Conflict of Laws (LRC 7–1983) (Dec 1983) [£1.50 Net]

Report on Divorce a Mensa et Thoro and Related Matters (LRC 8–1983) (Dec 1983) [£3.00 Net]

Sixth (Annual) Report (1983) (Pl. 2622) [£1.00 Net]

Report on Nullity of Marriage (LRC 9–1984 (Oct 1984) [£3.50 Net]

Working Paper No. 11–1984, Recognition of Foreign Divorces and Legal Separations (Oct 1984) [£2.00 Net]

Seventh (Annual) Report (1984) (Pl. 3313) [£1.00 Net]

Report on Recognition of Foreign Divorces and Legal Separations (LRC 10–1985) (April 1985) [£1.00 Net]

Report on Vagrancy and Related Offences (LRC 11–1985) (June 1985) [£3.00 Net]

Report on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and Some Related Matters (LRC 12–1985) (June 1985) [£2.00 Net]

Report on Competence and Compellability of Spouses as Witnesses (LRC 13–1985) (July 1985) [£2.50 Net]

Report on Offences Under the Dublin Police Acts and Related Offences (LRC 14–1985) (July 1985) [£2.50 Net]



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=13


Report on Minors' Contracts (LRC 15–1985) (August 1985) [£3.50 Net]

Report on the Hague Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters (LRC 16–1985) (August 1985) [£2.00 Net]

Report on the Liability in Tort of Minors and the Liability of Parents for Damage Caused by Minors (LRC 17–1985) (Sep 1985) [£3.00 Net]

Report on the Liability in Tort of Mentally Disabled Persons (LRC 18–1985) (Sep 1985) [£2.00 Net]

Report on Private International Law Aspects of Capacity to Marry and Choice of Law in Proceedings for Nullity of Marriage (LRC 19–1985) (Oct 1985) [£3.50 Net]

Report on Jurisdiction in Proceedings for Nullity of Marriage, Recognition of Foreign Nullity Decrees, and the Hague Convention on the Celebration and Recognition of the Validity of Marriages (LRC 20–1985) (Oct 1985) [£2.00 Net]

Eighth (Annual) Report (1985) (Pl. 4281) [£1.00 Net]

Report on the Statute of Limitations: Claims in Respect of Latent Personal Injuries (LRC 21–1987) (Sep 1987) [£4.50 Net]

Consultation Paper on Rape (Dec 1987) [£6.00 Net]

Report on the Service of Documents Abroad re Civil Proceedings – the Hague Convention (LRC 22–1987) (Dec 1987) [£2.00 Net]

Report on Receiving Stolen Property (LRC 23–1987) (Dec 1987) [£7.00 Net]

Ninth (Annual) Report (1986–1987) (Pl. 5625) [£1.50 Net]

Report on Rape and Allied Offences (LRC 24–1988) (May 1988) [£3.00 Net]

Report on the Rule Against Hearsay in Civil Cases (LRC 25–1988) (Sep 1988) [£3.00 Net]

Report on Malicious Damage (LRC 26–1988) (Sep 1988) [£4.00 Net]

Report on Debt Collection: (1) The Law Relating to Sheriffs (LRC 27–1988) (Oct 1988) [£5.00 Net]

Tenth (Annual) Report (1988) (Pl. 6542) [£1.50 Net]



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=14


Report on Debt Collection: (2) Retention of Title (LRC 28–1989) (April 1989) [£ 4.00 Net]

Report on the Recognition of Foreign Adoption Decrees (LRC 29–1989) (June 1989) [£ 5.00 Net]

Report on Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (1) General Proposals (LRC 30–1989) (June 1989) [£ 5.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on Child Sexual Abuse (August 1989) [£10.00 Net]

Report on Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (2) Enduring Powers of Attorney (LRC 31–1989)(Oct 1989) [£ 4.00 Net]

Eleventh (Annual) Report (1989) (Pl 7448) [£ 1.50 Net]

Report on Child Sexual Abuse (September 1990) (LRC 32–1990) [£ 7.00 Net]

Report on Sexual Offences Against the Mentally Handicapped (September 1990) (LRC 33–1990) [£ 4.00 Net]

Report on Oaths and Affirmations (LRC 34–1990) (December 1990) [£ 5.00 Net]

Report on Confiscation of the Proceeds of Crime (LRC 35–1991) (January 1991) [£ 6.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on the Civil Law of Defamation (March 1991) [out of print] [£20.00 Net]

Report on the Hague Convention on Succession to the Estates of Deceased Persons (LRC 36–1991) (May 1991) [£ 7.00 Net]

Twelfth (Annual) Report (1990) (PI 8292) [£ 1.50 Net]

Consultation Paper on Contempt of Court (July 1991) [£20.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on the Crime of Libel (August 1991) [£11.00 Net]

Report on The Indexation of Fines (LRC 37–1991) (October 1991) [£ 6.50 Net]

Report on The Civil Law of Defamation (LRC 38–1991) (December 1991) [out of print] [£ 7.00 Net]

Report on Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (3) The Passing of Risk from Vendor to Purchaser (LRC 39–1991) (December 1991); (4) Service of Completion Notices (LRC 40–1991) (December 1991) [£ 6.00 Net]



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=15


Report on The Crime of Libel (LRC 41–1991) (December 1991) [£ 4.00 Net]

Report on United Nations (Vienna) Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (LRC 42–1992) (May 1992) [£ 8.00 Net]

Thirteenth (Annual) Report (1991) (PI 9214) [£ 2.00 Net]

Report on The Law Relating to Dishonesty (LRC 43–1992) (September 1992) [£20.00 Net]

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (5) Further General Proposals (LRC 44–199?) (October 1992) [out of print] [£ 6.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on Sentencing (March 1993) [£20.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on Occupiers' Liability (June 1993) [out of print] [£10.00 Net]

Fourteenth (Annual) Report (1992) (PN.0051) [£ 2.00 Net]

Report on Non-Fatal Offences Against The Person (LRC 45–1994) (February 1994) [£20.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on Family Courts (March 1994) [£10.00 Net]

Report on Occupiers' Liability (LRC 46–1994) (April 1994) [£ 6.00 Net]

Report on Contempt of Court (LRC 47–1994) (September 1994) [£10.00 Net]

Fifteenth (Annual) Report (1993) (PN.1122) [£ 2.00 Net]

Report on The Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents (LRC 48–1995) (February 1995) [£10.00 Net]

Consultation Paper on Intoxication as a Defence to a Criminal Offence (February 1995) [£10.00 Net]

Report on Interests of Vendor and Purchaser in Land during period between Contract and Completion (LRC 49–1995) (April 1995) [£ 8.00 Net]

Sixteenth (Annual) Report (1994) (PN. 1919) [ 2.00 Net]

An Examination of The Law of Bail (LRC 50–1995) (August 1995) [£10.00 Net]

Report on Intoxication (LRC 51–1995) (November 1995) [£ 2.00 Net]



THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PAGE-BREAK: PAGE NUMBER=16