THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION

AN COIMISIΪN UM ATHCHΣIRIΪ AN DLΝ



FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT (1992)



IRELAND

Law Reform Commission

Ardilaun Centre, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2



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©Copyright The Law Reform Commission 1993

First Published July 1993

Cover: The Courthouse, Washington Street, Cork.

(photo courtesy of "Cork Examiner")



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The Law Reform Commission

AN COIMISIΪN UM ATHCHΣIRIΪ AN DLΝ ARDILAUN CENTRE

111 ST. STEPHEN'S GREEN

DUBLIN 2

IRELAND

TELEPHONE (01) 671 5699

FAX (01) 671 5316

1st July 1993

Harold A. Whelehan Esq., S.C.,

Attorney General,

Government Buildings,

Dublin 2.

Dear Attorney General,

In accordance with section 6 of the Law Reform Commission Act 1975, I have the honour to present the Fourteenth Report (1992) of the Law Reform Commission. It covers the period from 1st January 1992 to 31st December 1992.

Yours sincerely,

ANTHONY J. HEDERMAN

PRESIDENT



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CONTENTS

PAGES

Letter to the Attorney General

(iii)

Commissioners

1

Staff

1

Functions of the Commission

2

Requests by the Attorney General

2

Reports on Topics in the Attorney General's Request

3

Reports on Topics in the Commission's First Programme of Law Reform

4

Reports in 1992

5

The Year's Work

5

Private International Law

5

International Sale of Goods

5

Abolishing the Requirements for Legalisation of Foreign Public Documents

6

Land Law and Conveyancing Law

6

Further General Proposals

6

Future Proposals

8

Criminal Law

8

Dishonesty

8

Sentencing

10

Non-Fatal Offences

10

Intoxication

11

Contempt of Court

11

Privacy

12

Plain Language

12

Structured Settlements

12

Occupiers' Liability

13

Family Courts

13

Action taken on Reports of the Commission during 1992

13

Criminal Evidence Act, 1992

13

Miscellaneous

13

Hague Conference on Private International Law

13

UNIDROIT

13

Fraud on E.C. Funds

14

European Court of Justice

14

APPENDIX

15


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FOURTEENTH REPORT OF THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION

1.

This Report, which covers the period from 1 January, 1992 to 31 December, 1992, is addressed to the Attorney General pursuant to section 6 of the Law Reform Commission Act, 1975.

2. Commissioners

The following were the Commissioners in office in 1992:

The Hon. Mr Justice Rory O'Hanlon, Judge of the High Court, President from March until April;

The Hon. Mr Justice Anthony J. Hederman, Judge of the Supreme Court, President since October;

John F. Buckley, Esq., B.A. LL.B., Solicitor;

William R. Duncan, Esq., M.A., F.T.C.D., Barrister-at-Law, Associate Professor of Law, University of Dublin;

Ms Maureen Gaffney, B.A., M.A. (University of Chicago), Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Dublin; and,

Simon P. O'Leary, Esq., B.A., Barrister-at-Law.

3. Staff

The staff of the Commission consists of the Secretary, a Research Counsellor, four Research assistants and four Clerical Assistants.



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Mr John Quirke is the Secretary to the Commission.

At the start of the year, Mr William Binchy, B.A., B.C.L., LL.M., Barrister-at-Law was Research Counsellor to the Commission. In October, Alpha Connelly, B.A., LL.M., D.C.L. replaced him as Research Counsellor to the Commission.

At the start of the year, Ms Suzanne Egan, B.C.L., LL.M., Barrister-at-Law, Ms Cliona Kimber, LL.B., M.A., LL.M., Ms Julianne O'Leary, B.A. LL.B., Barrister-at-Law and Mr Oisin Quinn, B.C.L., LL.M. were Research Assistants. In September, Ms Egan and Mr Quinn left the services of the Commission on the expiry of their contracts and were replaced by Ms Emily Egan, LL.B., B.C.L. (Oxon) and Mr James Kingston, LL.B., M.A., LL.M., Barrister-at-Law.

The Clerical Assistants are Ms Kathleen Browne, Ms Martina Corry, Ms Mary Teresa Faherty and Ms Martina McGuire.

In the course of the year, Mr Binchy resigned as Research Counsellor to the Commission on his appointment as Regius Professor of Laws in the University of Dublin. Mr Binchy had been Research Counsellor to the Commission since its establishment. The Commission is extremely fortunate to have had such an outstanding scholar in its service and the exemplary quality of his research is evident in many of the Commission's reports. The Commission wishes him well in his new appointment.

4. Functions of the Commission

The functions of the Commission are to keep the law under review, to undertake examinations of, and to conduct research into, the law with a view to its reform, and to formulate proposals for law reform. After its establishment, the Commission prepared a programme for the examination of different branches of the law, which was subsequently approved by the Government. Copies of it were laid before both Houses of the Oireachtas on 4 January, 1977.

In addition to reporting on matters in the programme, it is also the function of the Commission, at the request of the Attorney General, to undertake an examination of and to conduct research in relation to any particular branch or matter of law whether or not it is included in the programme, and if so requested, to formulate and submit to the Attorney General proposals for its reform.

By 31 December, 1991, the Commission had formulated and submitted to the Taoiseach or the Attorney General 44 Reports containing proposals for reform of the law, and had published 11 Working Papers, 5 Consultation Papers and 13 Annual Reports.

5. Requests by the Attorney General

On 6 March, 1987, the then Attorney General requested the Commission to

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examine, conduct research into and submit to him proposals for reform in relation to the following matters:


(1)


Conveyancing law and practice in areas where this could lead to savings for house purchasers;


(2)


Sexual offences generally, including, in particular, the law relating to rape and the sexual abuse of children;


(3)


The law relating to sheriffs, the collection of taxes and debt collection;


(4)


The law relating to compensation in personal injuries cases, including, in particular;


(a)


provision for periodic payments and the making of provisional awards; and,


(b)


the Statute of Limitations in cases of latent personal injury; and,


(5)


The following aspects of criminal law:


(a)


sentencing policy;


(b)


indexation of fines;


(c)


confiscating the proceeds of crime; and,


(d)


whether there is a need to revise or up-date the law relating to the various offences which are still mainly governed by pre-1922 legislation, including, in particular, the laws relating to dishonesty, malicious damage and offences against the person.

In January, 1989, the then Attorney General requested the Commission to undertake an examination of and conduct research and formulate and submit to him proposals for reform in relation to the law of defamation and contempt of court.

In March, 1992, the Attorney General made a similar request in respect of the law relating to occupier's liability.

6. Reports on Topics in the Attorney General's Request

Between 1987 and 1991, the Commission published the following Reports on topics contained in the Attorney General's Request:

The Statute of Limitations in Cases of Latent Personal Injuries;

Receiving Stolen Property;



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Rape and Allied Offences;

Malicious Damage;

Debt Collection: (1) The Law Relating to Sheriffs;

Debt Collection: (2) Retention of Title;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (1) General Proposals;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (2) Enduring Powers of Attorney;

Child Sexual Abuse;

Sexual Offences Against the Mentally Handicapped;

Confiscation of the Proceeds of Crime;

The Indexation of Fines;

The Civil Law of Defamation;

The Crime of Libel;

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (3) Passing of Risk from Vendor to Purchaser; and,

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (4) The Service of Completion Notices.

7. Reports on Topics in the Commission's First Programme for Law Reform

Between 1987 and 1991, the Commission published the following Reports on topics contained in the Commission's First Programme:

Service of Documents Abroad re Civil Proceedings – The Hague Convention;

The Rule Against Hearsay in Civil Cases;

Recognition of Foreign Adoption Decrees;

Oaths and Affirmations; and,

The Hague Convention on Succession to the Estates of Deceased Persons.

A full list of the Commission's publications is to be found in the Appendix.



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8. Reports in 1992

In 1992, the Commission published Reports on the following topics contained in the Commission's First Programme:

United Nations (Vienna) Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods;

The Law Relating to Dishonesty; and,

Land Law and Conveyancing Law: (5) Further General Proposals.

The Year's Work

9. Private International Law

(i) International Sale of Goods

The current Irish law on contracts for the international sale of goods stems from a mixture of sources. In contrast to the position in some other jurisdictions, international contracts of this nature have not been the subject of distinct codification in Ireland. Determination of contractual disputes concerning the international sale of goods commonly requires consideration of the general law of contract and of personal property and of the legislative rules regarding domestic sale of goods. Above all, it necessitates reference to the complex Irish rules on the conflict of laws.

Predictability can be achieved, first, by unifying the rules that govern the conflicts of laws, and secondly, by providing a uniform substantive law. The Vienna Convention embodies the latter approach. By establishing a substantive uniform law to be applied to international contracts of sale between traders who have their places of business in different states, it aspires to remove many of the complexities associated with the application of foreign law, and to sidestep disparities between domestic legal systems, thereby creating a climate which is more favourable to international law.

In July 1991, a Discussion Paper examining the question whether Ireland should accede to the United Nations (Vienna) Convention on the International Sale of Goods, 1980 was completed and circulated to experts. The Commission's provisional recommendation was to accede to the Convention.

In May 1992, the Commission submitted to the Attorney General its Report on the United Nations (Vienna) Convention on the International Sale of Goods based on the earlier Discussion Paper and confirming its provisional recommendations. In this Report, the question of whether Ireland should accede to the Vienna Convention was examined. The Report sets out the present Irish law on the international sale of goods and the relevant provisions of the Convention. It concludes with an assessment of the benefits to Ireland of accession to the Convention and sets out the Commission's proposals for the future.



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(ii) Abolishing the Requirement for Legalisation of Foreign Public Documents

The Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation of Foreign Public Documents was adopted at the ninth Session of the Hague Conference on Private International Law on 5 October, 1961. The Convention brings about a simplification of the formalities which can otherwise complicate the utilisation of public documents outside the country from which they emanate.

In place of the present legalisation procedure, the Convention provides for the attachment of a certificate in the prescribed form, entitled "apostille", by the "competent authority" of the country from which the document emanates.

The Commission proposes to examine the present system of legislation operative in Ireland, the problems to which it gives rise and the advantages and disadvantages of ratifying the Convention. The Commission hopes to publish its Report in 1993.

10. Land Law and Conveyancing Law

(i) Further General Proposals

The continuing work of the Working Group on this area resulted in a further Report, containing general proposals, which was submitted to the Attorney General in September 1992, the Commission's fifth Report on land law and conveyancing law.

It is difficult, in practice, to separate areas of land law and conveyancing law which relate to house purchase and those which relate to the transfer of other types of property or interests in property. Accordingly, while some proposals for reform relate primarily to transfers of residences, others are of more general effect. Anomalies in the law, the origins of which vary from the continuing existence of obsolete provisions to unforeseen difficulties which have been created by more modern legislation, have been identified in this Report.

The Commission's recommendations are grouped under three separate headings:

(a) The simplifying of conveyancing and land law generally


(1)


The requirement that documents transferring an interest in land executed by corporate bodies incorporated outside the State must be sealed should be abolished. Such documents should be accepted if they are executed in accordance with the provisions of the jurisdiction in which the body is incorporated;


(2)


Unincorporated associations should, subject to any existing provisions in their rules or constitutions, be permitted to appoint new trustees to hold the association's property by election at general meeting of the association. It should be provided that a minute of the meeting of the resolution appointing the new trustee should be deemed to be a vesting



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deed for the purpose of section 12 of the Trustee Act, 1893;


(3)


There should no longer be a requirement to include words of limitation in any assurance of unregistered land; and,


(4)


A provision that a joint tenant should be able unilaterally to sever a joint tenancy by giving notice to the other joint tenant that the property would henceforth be held under a tenancy in common should not be introduced.

(b) Rectification of anomalies arising from modern legislation


(5)


The jurisdiction of planning authorities should be extended so as to enable the authorities to grant valid planning permission in respect of land below the high water mark;


(6)


A register of charges should be established for companies incorporated outside the State which have not established a place of business in the State but which own land in the State; and,


(7)


Section 90 of the Registration of Title Act, 1964 should be extended so as to permit the granting of leases by a person who is not a registered owner but is entitled to be registered as owner.

(c) Amendments to landlord and tenant law


(8)


The Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act, 1971, dealing with sporting leases, should be amended so as to restrict the entitlement of a sporting or recreational club to acquire the fee simple in the land held under the lease. Alternatively, if a sporting or recreational club is to be so entitled, any covenants in the lease requiring the lands to be used in connection with an outdoor sport or recreation should survive;


(9)


Section 28(1) of the Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act, 1978 should be amended so as to ensure that the section only applies where a person has acquired the fee simple and all the intermediate interests between his or her leasehold interest and the ultimate fee simple;


(10)


Section 5(3) of the Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act, 1980 should be amended to provide, first, that where an individual lessee has transferred the lessee's interest in the tenancy to a limited company without the lessor's consent, the right to a new tenancy under the Act should remain vested in the individual lessee. Secondly, that the protection be extended to the situation where the lessee's interest was vested in the company but the trading in the premises was being carried on by an individual who was the principal of the company;



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(11)


Section 13(1)(a) of the Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act, 1980 should be amended so as to require the relevant property to have been a "tenement" within the meaning of the Act during the whole of the period of the three years ending at the relevant time;


(12)


Section 17(2) of the Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act, 1980 should be amended so as to entitle a landlord to refuse to grant a new tenancy, subject to compensation for the tenant, where the landlord requires the premises for occupation as a residence for himself or herself, or any person bona fide residing, or to reside, with him or her, or for occupation as a residence for a person in the whole time employment of the landlord. This would bring the provisions into line with those in the Housing (Private Rented Dwellings) Act, 1992; and,


(13)


Section 15 of the Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act, 1984 should be amended so as to ensure that rent reviews should operate on a five yearly pattern, commencing on the date of commencement of the lease.

(ii) Future Proposals

The work of the Land Law and Conveyancing Working Group continues. In 1993, the Commission hopes to publish a number of further Reports on this area. In particular, the Commission is looking at an additional Further Proposals Report, as well as a Report on Section 45 of the Statute of Limitations, 1957 as inserted by section 126 of the Succession Act,, 1965. Furthermore, the Commission hopes to publish a Report on The Interests of the Vendor and Purchaser During the Period Between Contract and Completion and the formalities which should be required to bring an enforceable contract for the sale of land into being.

11. Criminal Law

(i) Dishonesty

The Commission presented its Report on the law of dishonesty to the Attorney General in September 1992.

The law relating relating to dishonesty is mainly to be found in the Larceny Act, 1916. That Act, itself constituting a simplification of the law in its day, still works well for most cases of dishonesty, but further simplification and streamlining are necessary. In England the 1916 Act was replaced by the Theft Act, 1968. The difficulty inherent in reforming the law in this area is evidenced by the fact that a further Act had to be enacted in 1978 to deal with difficulties created by the 1968 legislation. The Commission considered the English experience; it also studied and adopted, where appropriate, the law in Australia, in New Zealand and the Mode Penal Code of the American Law Institute.

As many prosecutions for dishonesty have been dismissed because of difficulties

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relating to the law of evidence, the Commission notes the implementation of several of its recommendations in the recent Criminal Law (Evidence) Act, 1992 and, in the context of dishonesty, is particularly pleased to note provisions relating to proof of business records, as recommended in its Report on Receiving Stolen Goods. This reform, together with the reforms recommended in this Report, should have a considerable ameliorating impact on the prosecution of dishonesty.

Among the principal recommendations are:


(1)


The replacing of the present offences of larceny, larceny by a clerk or servant, embezzlement, fraudulent conversion and obtaining by false pretences by one offence of dishonest appropriation or theft;


(2)


The removal from the law of the necessity to prove an intention to deprive the owner permanently of property;


(3)


That deception in dishonesty may relate to future intentions;


(4)


That information would constitute property which can be appropriated;


(5)


That services can be dishonestly appropriated;


(6)


The creation of an offence of making off without payment;


(7)


The creation of an offence of using a cheque book or credit card without permission from the supplier;


(8)


The creation of an offence of dishonest use of a computer;


(9)


The creation of a general offence of dishonestly causing another to suffer financial prejudice or a risk of financial prejudice;


(10)


That persons shall be presumed in law to have caused financial prejudice who have been given money for a particular purpose and fail to account for same when an account is sought;


(11)


The creation of an offence of controlling a company at a time when an offence of dishonesty is committed;


(12)


That the Gardai be given a power of arrest without warrant for all dishonesty offences; and,


(13)


That it would be preferable to give the Gardai more resources than to establish a separate Serious Fraud Office.

The Report does not deal with business ethics, or insider dealing, or matters which would fall to be considered in the context of the reform of company law,

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although there may be some overlapping at the boundary between "ordinary" criminal offences and company law offences.

(ii) Sentencing

The Commission is reviewing sentencing law and practice. In particular, it is considering the question of consistency in sentencing practice, and the problems associated with the formulation of a coherent sentencing policy.

While a Consultation Paper on Sentencing was completed in the autumn of 1992, publication was postponed until 1993, as the Paper had to take account of the Criminal Justice Bill, 1992 introduced by the Government in the wake of the Lavinia Kerwick case.

(iii) Non-Fatal Offences

A Discussion Paper was circulated to experts in November 1991. The Commission's provisional recommendations included:

(a) Crimes of Violence and Endangerment


(1)


The abolition of the offences of assault and battery at common law, to be replaced by a single statutory offence of assault;


(2)


Provision that assault should be triable summarily only;


(3)


The creation of an offence of intentional or reckless assault causing harm;


(4)


The creation of an offence of intentional or reckless assault causing serious harm;


(5)


The introduction of an offence of harassment;


(6)


For the purposes of assault and all other proposed offences of violence or endangerment which are capable of being consented to, the adoption of a simple statutory definition of consent;


(7)


The abolition of the common law defence of necessary defence, and replacing it with a new statutory defence; defence to the use of force;


(8)


The enactment of the following offence of endangerment:



“A person is guilty of an offence if he or she intentionally or recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of death or serious injury to another person”;


(9)


The abolition of the common law offence of public nuisance, without



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replacement;


(10)


The abolition of the common law offence of affray, to be replaced by a statutory offence; and,


(11)


The enactment of a new statutory offence of torture.

(b) Crimes Against Personal Liberty


(1)


The abolition of the felony of kidnapping; and,


(2)


The enactment of a new statutory definition of false imprisonment.

While priority was given to other topics in 1992, the Commission hopes to publish its Report on Non-fatal Offences in 1993.

(iv) Intoxication

There is no modern decision, of which we are aware, on the defence of intoxication in this jurisdiction, in the context of the criminal law. Indeed, the position in Irish law of such a defence is, to say the least, uncertain.

In a number of the Commission's previous Reports1 and Consultation Papers,2 reference was made to the problems presented by intoxication. While we considered that there was much to be said for the U.S. Model Penal Code approach, we, nevertheless, concluded that we would defer any final recommendation on the matter until it could be made in the context of the criminal law as a whole. The Commission has subsequently embarked upon such a study and it hopes to publish a Consultation Paper on Intoxication in 1993.

In the Consultation Paper, we will consider the need for certainty in this area of Irish law. We will review a number of options which have been pursued in other jurisdictions, and we will consider whether there are any other options which might be more suitable for adoption in this jurisdiction.

12. Contempt of Court

Following the publication, in July 1991, of the Commission's Consultation Paper on Contempt of Court, outlining its provisional recommendations for changes in the law, and its seminar with invited experts, in November 1991, the Commission intended to publish its Report with its final recommendations in 1992. However, as a number of highly pertinent cases were going though the Courts and will, inevitably, lead to important Supreme Court judgments, the Commission has decided to defer further consideration of the subject until these judgments are

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delivered.


1

Report on Rape and Allied Offences (LRC 24-1988); Report on Malicious Damage (LRC 26-1988).

2

Consultation Paper on Sentencing.

13. Privacy

In 1992, the Commission commenced a review of the law of privacy. In Ireland, the law on privacy is dealt with in a very piecemeal fashion and the parameters of the constitutional protection of privacy have yet to be defined.

We propose to consider the position under the common law and statute, the Constitution and international law. The Commission hopes to publish a Discussion Paper in the foreseeable future.

14. Plain Language

The Commission is also examining the language of the law to see whether a policy of plain language should be adopted in Ireland. Many common law jurisdictions, in particular Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, have done extensive work in the area of plain language and the law. Some jurisdictions have enacted statutes requiring the use of plain language in a variety of situations, while others have reviewed the language of administrative documents.

The Commission hopes to publish its Consultation Paper on the area in 1993. We have decided to focus on plain language in legislation. The Consultation Paper will examine Irish legislation to see whether there is room for improvement, and then look at other jurisdictions to assess developments there.

15. Structured Settlements

Among the requests made by the Attorney General in 1987 was a request for the Commission to consider the law relating to compensation for personal injuries cases, including, in particular, provision for periodic payments of damages, the making of provisional awards and the limitation period in cases of latent personal injuries. The latter aspect of that reference was addressed in 1987 in our Report on the Statute of Limitations: Claims in respect of Latent Personal Injuries (LRC 21–1987).

The Commission now proposes to address the remaining aspect of the reference namely that of periodic payments and provisional awards. We propose to consider periodic payments and provisional awards in the light of the present situation in which all awards are made in the form of a once-off lump sum payment.

The Commission expects to publish the results of its research into this area in the near future.



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16. Occupiers' Liability

The Commission's work on the area of occupiers' liability is at an advanced stage and we hope to publish a Consultation Paper early in 1993. We will examine the present Irish law in relation to occupiers' liability, the law in other jurisdictions and proposals from other law reform bodies. Finally, we will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the present law and make tentative proposals for reform.

We propose to publish our Report on the subject in 1993.

17. Family Courts

The Commission is currently examining the role of the courts in family matters, including: the organisation of family law business; alternative methods of dispute resolution; pre-trial procedures and documentation; the conduct of family proceedings; support services; and, the role of professionals in family law.

The Commission expects to publish its Discussion Paper on the Family Courts in 1993.

Action taken on Reports of the Commission during 1992

18. Criminal Evidence Act, 1992

The Criminal Evidence Act, 1992 substantially adopts the Commission's recommendations on the taking of evidence from children made in its Report on Child Sexual Abuse (LRC 32–1990), the Commission's recommendations relating to proof of business records in its Report on Receiving of Stolen Property (LRC 23–1987) and proposals relating to the evidence of spouses in the Commission's Report on the Competence and Compellability of Spouses as Witnesses (LRC 13–1985).

Miscellaneous

19. Hague Conference on Private International Law

Professor Duncan continued to act as a representative of Ireland at the Special Commission on Inter-Country Adoption of the Hague Conference on Private International Law. He is a member of the Drafting Committee for the Convention.

20. UNIDROIT

Mr Buckley participated in one meeting of inter-governmental experts engaged in the preparation, under the auspices of UNIDROIT, of a Convention relating to the stealing and illegal export of cultural objects.



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21. Fraud on E.C. Funds

Mr. O'Leary addressed a congress of Italian magistrates on tax frauds, frauds on Community funds and money laundering, in Turin in January 1992. He was also a delegate at a further conference on the same topics in Verona in July 1992.

22. European Court of Justice

Mr. O'Leary and Dr. Connelly made a study visit to Luxembourg in November 1992 as guests of the Court. The Commission wishes to record its appreciation of this invitation and its thanks to Judge John Murray, Judge Donal Barrington and their respective staffs.



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APPENDIX

LIST OF LAW REFORM COMMISSION'S PUBLICATIONS

First Programme for Examination of Certain Branches of the Law with a View to their Reform (Dec 1976) (Prl. 5984) [out of print] [photocopy available] [10p Net]

Working Paper No. 1–1977, The Law Relating to the Liability of Builders, Vendors and Lessors for the Quality and Fitness of Premises (June 1977) [£ 1.50 Net]

Working Paper No. 2–1977, The Law Relating to the Age of Majority, the Age for Marriage and Some Connected Subjects (Nov 1977) [out of print] [photocopy available] [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 3–1977, Civil Liability for Animals (Nov 1977) [£ 2.50 Net]

First (Annual) Report (1977) (Prl. 6961) [ 40p Net]

Working Paper No. 4–1978, The Law Relating to Breach of Promise of Marriage (Nov 1978) [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 5–1978, The Law Relating to Criminal Conversation and the Enticement and Harbouring of a Spouse (Dec 1978) [out of print] [photocopy available] [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 6–1979, The Law Relating to Seduction and the Enticement and Harbouring of a Child (Feb 1979) [£ 1.50 Net]

Working Paper No. 7–1979, The Law Relating to Loss of Consortium and Loss of Services of a Child (March 1979) [£ 1.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 8–1979, Judicial Review of Administrative Action: the Problem of Remedies (Dec 1979) [£ 1.50 Net]

Second (Annual) Report (1978/79) (Prl. 8855) [ 75p Net]

Working Paper No. 9–1980, The Rule Against Hearsay (April 1980) [out of print] [photocopy available] [£ 2.00 Net]

Third (Annual) Report (1980) (Prl. 9733) [ 75p Net]



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First Report on Family Law – Criminal Conversation, Enticement and Harbouring of a Spouse or Child, Loss of Consortium, Personal Injury to a Child, Seduction of a Child, Matrimonial Property and Breach of Promise of Marriage (LRC 1–1981) (March 1981) [£ 2.00 Net]

Working Paper No. 10–1981, Domicile and Habitual Residence as Connecting Factors in the Conflict of Laws (Sep 1981) [£ 1.75 Net]

Fourth (Annual) Report (1981) (Pl. 742) [ 75p Net]

Report on Civil Liability for Animals (LRC 2–1982) (May 1982) [£ 1.00 Net]

Report on Defective Premises (LRC 3–1982) (May 1982) [£ 1.00 Net]

Report on Illegitimacy (LRC 4–1982) (Sep 1982) [£ 3.50 Net]

Fifth (Annual) Report (1982) (Pl. 1795) [ 75p Net]

Report on the Age of Majority, the Age for Marriage and Some Connected Subjects (LRC 5–1983) (April 1983) [£ 1.50 Net]

Report on Restitution of Conjugal Rights, Jactitation of Marriage and Related Matters (LRC 6–1983) (Nov 1983) [£ 1.00 Net]

Report on Domicile and Habitual Residence as Connecting Factors in the Conflict of Laws (LRC 7–1983) (Dec 1983) [£ 1.50 Net]

Report on Divorce a Mensa et Thoro and Related Matters (LRC 8–1983) (Dec 1983) [£ 3.00 Net]

Sixth (Annual) Report (1983) (Pl. 2622) [£ 1.00 Net]

Report on Nullity of Marriage (LRC 9–1984 (Oct 1984) [£ 3.50 Net]

Working Paper No. 11–1984, Recognition of Foreign Divorces and Legal Separations (Oct 1984) [£ 2.00 Net]

Seventh (Annual) Report (1984) (Pl. 3313) [£ 1.00 Net]

Report on Recognition of Foreign Divorces and Legal Separations (LRC 10–1985) (April 1985) [£ 1.00 Net]

Report on Vagrancy and Related Offences (LRC 11–1985) (June 1985) [£ 3.00 Net]

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